The working principle of the wind turbine controller mainly involves the following aspects:
Grid monitoring and power control: The controller monitors the voltage, frequency, and other parameters of the grid in real time to ensure that the output power of the wind turbine matches the grid. It will adjust the speed and torque of the generator according to the requirements of the power grid to achieve stable power output.
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT): The output power of a wind turbine is related to the wind speed, and there is a maximum output power at different wind speeds. The MPPT algorithm adjusts the speed or other parameters of the fan in real time to always operate at the maximum power point, in order to improve energy conversion efficiency.
Fault protection and safe operation: The controller has multiple fault protection functions, such as overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, and overspeed protection. When a malfunction occurs, the controller will quickly take measures to stop the operation of the wind turbine to protect the safety of the equipment and the power grid.
Battery management: If the wind turbine is equipped with a battery energy storage system, the controller will be responsible for charging and discharging the battery to ensure its safety and lifespan.
Communication and Monitoring: Modern wind turbine controllers typically have communication interfaces for data exchange with monitoring systems. Through communication, operators can monitor the real-time operation status and fault information of the fan, and perform remote control and adjustment.
Adapt to different wind speeds and directions: The controller will automatically adjust the operating status of the fan based on changes in wind speed and direction to improve wind energy utilization and operational stability.
Automatic start and stop: The controller can automatically detect the status of the power grid and the readiness of the wind turbine, achieving automatic start and stop of the wind turbine and reducing manual intervention.
In general, the role of wind turbine controllers is to ensure the safe and efficient operation of wind turbines, coordinate and interact with the power grid, and achieve effective utilization of wind energy. The specific working principle may vary depending on different controller models and application scenarios, but the core functions are similar.