The working principle of the solar power generation controller is mainly to control and manage the electrical energy output from the solar panels to ensure stable power supply to the load and maximize energy utilization efficiency. The following are the basic steps of the working principle of a general solar power generation controller:
Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT): The output characteristics of solar panels vary with light intensity and temperature, so their output power will also differ under different operating conditions. The MPPT algorithm monitors the output voltage and current of solar panels in real time, and adjusts the operating point of the controller according to their characteristics, so that it always operates at the maximum power output state, thereby improving energy utilization efficiency.
Charging control: The controller monitors the charging status of the battery and controls the magnitude and charging mode of the charging current based on the battery’s power level and charging demand. Common charging modes include constant current charging, constant voltage charging, and intelligent charging to ensure that the battery can be fully charged and avoid overcharging.
Discharge control: During the discharge phase, the controller will control the output of current according to the demand of the load. It will ensure that the discharge current of the battery does not exceed the set limit to protect the battery and extend its lifespan. At the same time, the controller will dynamically adjust the discharge current according to changes in the load to ensure the stability of the power supply.
Protection function: In order to protect solar power generation systems and batteries from damage caused by overload, overvoltage, undervoltage, overcurrent, short circuit and other abnormal situations, controllers usually have multiple protection functions. These protection functions include overcurrent protection, overvoltage protection, undervoltage protection, short circuit protection, reverse connection protection, etc.
Communication function: Some advanced solar power generation controllers also have communication interfaces such as RS485, Ethernet, or Wi Fi to communicate with monitoring systems or other devices. Through communication, the status of the power generation system can be monitored in real time, parameters can be set, and fault information can be obtained.
Automatic power on/off control: Based on the set time or lighting conditions, the controller can automatically control the power on/off of the solar power generation system, achieving unmanned operation.
In general, the working principle of the solar power generation controller is to achieve maximum power point tracking, charging control, discharging control, protection function, and communication function through intelligent management of solar panels and batteries, in order to ensure the efficient and stable operation of the solar power generation system and provide reliable power supply for the load. The specific working principle and functions may vary depending on different controller models and applications. In practical applications, it is necessary to select a suitable solar power generation controller based on specific system requirements and requirements, and install and debug it correctly according to its instructions.